Ticket #6555: code.txt

<p>
        &nbsp;</p>
<p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; ">
        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><b>London</b></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">&nbsp;(</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><span style="white-space: nowrap; "><span title="pronunciation:"><img alt="play" height="11" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Loudspeaker.svg/11px-Loudspeaker.svg.png" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; " width="11" /></span>&nbsp;<span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Wikipedia:IPA for English">/</a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Key" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Wikipedia:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-color: initial; " title="primary stress">ˈ</span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Key" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Wikipedia:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-color: initial; " title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Key" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Wikipedia:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-color: initial; " title="short 'u' in 'bud'">ʌ</span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Key" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Wikipedia:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-color: initial; " title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Key" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Wikipedia:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-color: initial; " title="'d' in 'die'">d</span></a></span><span class="IPA"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English#Key" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Wikipedia:IPA for English"><span style="border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: dotted; border-bottom-color: initial; " title="'on' in 'button'">ən</span></a></span><span class="IPA" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)"><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA_for_English" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Wikipedia:IPA for English">/</a></span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">) is the&nbsp;</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital_(political)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Capital (political)">capital</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">&nbsp;of&nbsp;</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/England" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="England">England</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">&nbsp;and the&nbsp;</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Kingdom" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">, the largest&nbsp;</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metropolitan_area" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">&nbsp;in the United Kingdom and the largest urban zone in the&nbsp;</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European_Union" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="European Union">European Union</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">&nbsp;by most measures.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-5" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>note 1<span>]</span></a></sup></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">&nbsp;London has been a major settlement for two millennia,&nbsp;</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_London" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="History of London">its history</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">&nbsp;going back to its founding by the&nbsp;</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Roman Empire">Romans</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">, who called it&nbsp;</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_London" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Roman London">Londinium</a></i></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-london_001_6-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-london_001-6" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">&nbsp;London&#39;s ancient core, the&nbsp;</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_London" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="City of London">City of London</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">, largely retains its square-mile&nbsp;</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediaeval" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Mediaeval">mediaeval</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">&nbsp;boundaries. Since at least the 19th century, the name London has also referred to the metropolis developed around this core.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mills_140_7-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-mills_140-7" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">&nbsp;The bulk of this&nbsp;</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conurbation" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Conurbation">conurbation</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">&nbsp;forms the London&nbsp;</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regions_of_England" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Regions of England">region</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-region_8-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-region-8" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">&nbsp;and the&nbsp;</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_London" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Greater London">Greater London</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">&nbsp;administrative area,</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-elcock_9-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-elcock-9" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-10" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-10" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>note 2<span>]</span></a></sup></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">&nbsp;governed by the elected&nbsp;</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mayor_of_London" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Mayor of London">Mayor of London</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">&nbsp;and the&nbsp;</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Assembly" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="London Assembly">London Assembly</a></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-politics_uk_11-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-politics_uk-11" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; ">
        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">London is a leading&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_city" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Global city">global city</a>, with its strengths in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism and transport all contributing to its prominence. It is the world&#39;s largest financial centre alongside&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="New York City">New York</a>,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Global_Financial_Centres_7_12-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-Global_Financial_Centres_7-12" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-forbes.com_13-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-forbes.com-13" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Mastercard_14-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-Mastercard-14" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;has the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_cities_by_GDP" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="List of cities by GDP">largest city GDP</a>&nbsp;in Europe<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-UN_15-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-UN-15" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;and is home to the headquarters of more than 100 of Europe&#39;s 500 largest companies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-16" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-16" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;It is the most visited city in the world.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mostvisits_17-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-mostvisits-17" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;London&#39;s five international airports make its airspace the busiest of any urban centre worldwide<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-london_008_18-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-london_008-18" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Heathrow_Airport" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="London Heathrow Airport">London Heathrow</a>&nbsp;is the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%27s_busiest_airports_by_international_passenger_traffic" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="World's busiest airports by international passenger traffic">world&#39;s busiest airport by number of international passengers</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-london_007_19-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-london_007-19" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;London&#39;s 43 universities form the largest concentration of higher education in&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Europe">Europe</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-london2_20-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-london2-20" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;In 2012 London will become the first city to host the&nbsp;<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer_Olympics" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Summer Olympics">Summer Olympics</a>&nbsp;three times.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-IOC_21-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-IOC-21" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; ">
        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">London has a diverse range of peoples, cultures and religions, and more than 300 languages are spoken within its boundaries.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-london_006_22-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-london_006-22" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;In July 2007 it had an official population of 7,556,900 within the boundaries of Greater London,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Greater_London_population_23-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-Greater_London_population-23" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;making it the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Largest_cities_of_the_European_Union_by_population_within_city_limits" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Largest cities of the European Union by population within city limits">most populous municipality in the European Union</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-largest_city_eu_24-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-largest_city_eu-24" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;The&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_London_Urban_Area" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Greater London Urban Area">Greater London Urban Area</a>&nbsp;(the second largest in the EU) has a population of 8,278,251.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-urban_area_pop_1-1" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-urban_area_pop-1" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;while the metropolitan area (the largest in the EU) has an estimated total population of between 12&nbsp;million<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-metro_area_1_2-1" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-metro_area_1-2" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;and 14&nbsp;million.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-metro_area_2_3-1" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-metro_area_2-3" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; ">
        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">London contains four&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Sites</a>: the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_London" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>; the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>; the site comprising the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Margaret%27s,_Westminster" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="St. Margaret's, Westminster">St. Margaret&#39;s Church</a>; and the historic settlement of&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Greenwich">Greenwich</a>&nbsp;(in which the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Observatory,_Greenwich" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Royal Observatory, Greenwich">Royal Observatory</a>&nbsp;marks the&nbsp;<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwich_Meridian" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Greenwich Meridian">Greenwich Meridian</a>&nbsp;(0&deg; longitude) and&nbsp;<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GMT" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="GMT">GMT</a>).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-london_005_25-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-london_005-25" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;Other famous landmarks include&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckingham_Palace" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Buckingham Palace">Buckingham Palace</a>, the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd%27s_building" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Lloyd's building">Lloyd&#39;s building</a>, the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Eye" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="London Eye">London Eye</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nelson%27s_Column" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Nelson's Column">Nelson&#39;s Column</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piccadilly_Circus" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Piccadilly Circus">Piccadilly Circus</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/30_St_Mary_Axe" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="30 St Mary Axe">30 St Mary Axe (The Gherkin)</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Paul%27s_Cathedral" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="St Paul's Cathedral">St Paul&#39;s Cathedral</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_Bridge" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Tower Bridge">Tower Bridge</a>. London is home to numerous museums, galleries, libraries and other cultural institutions including the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Library" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="British Library">British Library</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="British Museum">British Museum</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Gallery" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="National Gallery">National Gallery</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tate_Modern" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Tate Modern">Tate Modern</a>&nbsp;and the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a>. London&#39;s&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinatown,_London" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Chinatown, London">Chinatown</a>&nbsp;is the largest in Europe.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-26" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-26" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;The&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Underground" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="London Underground">London Underground</a>&nbsp;network is the oldest underground railway network in the world<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Metro_27-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-Metro-27" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;and the most extensive after the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai_Metro" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Shanghai Metro">Shanghai Metro</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-railwaygazette.com_28-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-railwaygazette.com-28" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p>
<div class="toclimit-3">
        <table class="toc" id="toc" style="font-size: 12px; color: black; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-right-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); border-left-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; ">
                <tbody>
                        <tr>
                                <td>
                                        <div id="toctitle" style="text-align: center; ">
                                                <h2 style="color: black; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; border-bottom-style: none; width: auto; font-size: 12px; display: inline; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; padding-right: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">
                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">Contents</span></h2>
                                                <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">&nbsp;<span class="toctoggle" style="font-size: 11px; ">[<a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#" id="togglelink" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">hide</a>]</span></span></div>
                                        <ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin-top: 0.3em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: none; text-align: left; ">
                                                <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#History" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">1</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">History</span></a></span>
                                                        <ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: none; text-align: left; ">
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Toponomy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Toponomy</span></a></span></li>
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Prehistory_and_antiquity" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Prehistory and antiquity</span></a></span></li>
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Middle_Ages" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Middle Ages</span></a></span></li>
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Early_modern" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">1.4</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Early modern</span></a></span></li>
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Late_modern_and_contemporary" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">1.5</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Late modern and contemporary</span></a></span></li>
                                                        </ul>
                                                </li>
                                                <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Governance" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">2</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Governance</span></a></span>
                                                        <ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: none; text-align: left; ">
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Local_government" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Local government</span></a></span></li>
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#National_government" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">National government</span></a></span></li>
                                                        </ul>
                                                </li>
                                                <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-10" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Geography" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">3</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Geography</span></a></span>
                                                        <ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: none; text-align: left; ">
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Scope" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Scope</span></a></span></li>
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Status" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Status</span></a></span></li>
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Topography" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">3.3</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Topography</span></a></span></li>
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Climate" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">3.4</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Climate</span></a></span></li>
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-15" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Districts" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">3.5</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Districts</span></a></span></li>
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Architecture" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">3.6</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Architecture</span></a></span></li>
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Parks_and_gardens" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">3.7</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Parks and gardens</span></a></span></li>
                                                        </ul>
                                                </li>
                                                <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Demography" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">4</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Demography</span></a></span>
                                                        <ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: none; text-align: left; ">
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Ethnic_groups" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Ethnic groups</span></a></span></li>
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-20" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Religion" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">4.2</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Religion</span></a></span></li>
                                                        </ul>
                                                </li>
                                                <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-21" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Economy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">5</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Economy</span></a></span></li>
                                                <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-22" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Transport" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">6</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Transport</span></a></span>
                                                        <ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: none; text-align: left; ">
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Railways" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Railways</span></a></span></li>
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Buses_and_trams" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Buses and trams</span></a></span></li>
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Air" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">6.3</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Air</span></a></span></li>
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Roads" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">6.4</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Roads</span></a></span></li>
                                                        </ul>
                                                </li>
                                                <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-27" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Education" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">7</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Education</span></a></span></li>
                                                <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Culture" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">8</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Culture</span></a></span>
                                                        <ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: none; text-align: left; ">
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-29" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Accent" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">8.1</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Accent</span></a></span></li>
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Leisure_and_entertainment" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">8.2</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Leisure and entertainment</span></a></span></li>
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Literature.2C_film_and_television" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">8.3</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Literature, film and television</span></a></span></li>
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-32" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Museums_and_art_galleries" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">8.4</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Museums and art galleries</span></a></span></li>
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-33" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Music" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">8.5</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Music</span></a></span></li>
                                                        </ul>
                                                </li>
                                                <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-34" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Sports" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">9</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Sports</span></a></span></li>
                                                <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-35" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Twin_cities" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">10</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Twin cities</span></a></span></li>
                                                <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-36" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Notes" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">11</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></span></li>
                                                <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-37" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#References" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">12</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">References</span></a></span>
                                                        <ul style="line-height: 1.5em; list-style-type: none; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 2em; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; list-style-image: none; text-align: left; ">
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-38" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Footnotes" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">12.1</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Footnotes</span></a></span></li>
                                                                <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Bibliography" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">12.2</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Bibliography</span></a></span></li>
                                                        </ul>
                                                </li>
                                                <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-40" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#External_links" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">13</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">External links</span></a></span></li>
                                                <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-41" style="margin-bottom: 0.1em; ">
                                                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#Related_topics" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span class="tocnumber">14</span>&nbsp;<span class="toctext">Related topics</span></a></span></li>
                                        </ul>
                                </td>
                        </tr>
                </tbody>
        </table>
</div>
<h2 style="color: black; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; font-weight: normal; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.6em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-color: rgb(170, 170, 170); width: auto; font-size: 19px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">
        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><span class="mw-headline" id="History">History</span></span></h2>
<div class="rellink relarticle mainarticle" style="font-style: italic; padding-left: 2em; margin-bottom: 0.5em; ">
        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">Main article:&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_London" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="History of London">History of London</a></span></div>
<h3 style="color: black; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-color: initial; width: auto; font-size: 17px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">
        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><span class="mw-headline" id="Toponomy">Toponomy</span></span></h3>
<div class="thumb tleft" style="margin-bottom: 0.8em; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; width: auto; background-color: transparent; float: left; clear: left; margin-right: 1.4em; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; ">
        <div class="thumbinner" style="min-width: 100px; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-top: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); font-size: 12px; text-align: center; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; width: 222px; ">
                <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thames_Panorama,_London_-_June_2009.jpg" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><img alt="Wide river flanked by tall buildings on either side. There are a number of small boats and one large battleship in the centre of the river. The rooftop dome of St Paul's Cathedral is visible in the skyline to the right" class="thumbimage" height="94" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Thames_Panorama%2C_London_-_June_2009.jpg/220px-Thames_Panorama%2C_London_-_June_2009.jpg" style="border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " width="220" /></a></span>
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                                <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Thames_Panorama,_London_-_June_2009.jpg" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; display: block; border-top-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-color: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; " title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="border-top-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; display: block; border-width: initial !important; border-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; " width="15" /></a></span></div>
                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">The name&nbsp;<i>London</i>&nbsp;may derive from the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Thames" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="River Thames">River Thames</a>.</span></div>
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<p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; ">
        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">The&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etymology_of_London" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Etymology of London">etymology of&nbsp;<i>London</i></a>&nbsp;is uncertain.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mills_139_29-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-mills_139-29" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;It is an ancient name and can be found in sources from the 2nd century. It is recorded c. 121 as<i><a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Londinium" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Londinium">Londinium</a></i>, which points to&nbsp;<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romano-British" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Romano-British">Romano-British</a>&nbsp;origin.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mills_139_29-1" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-mills_139-29" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_of_Monmouth" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Geoffrey of Monmouth">Geoffrey of Monmouth</a>&nbsp;in&nbsp;<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_Regum_Britanniae" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Historia Regum Britanniae">Historia Regum Britanniae</a></i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mills_139_29-2" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-mills_139-29" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;This had it that the name as originated from a supposed&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lud_son_of_Heli" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Lud son of Heli">King Lud</a>, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it&nbsp;<i>Kaerlud</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-london_009_30-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-london_009-30" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; ">
        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">From 1899 it was commonly accepted that the name was of&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celts" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Celts">Celtic</a>&nbsp;origin and meant&nbsp;<i>place belonging to a man called *Londinos</i>; this explanation has since been rejected.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mills_139_29-3" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-mills_139-29" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Coates" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Richard Coates">Richard Coates</a>&nbsp;put forward an explanation in 1998 that it is derived from the pre-Celtic&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_European_hydronymy" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Old European hydronymy">Old European</a>&nbsp;<i>*(p)lowonida</i>, meaning &#39;river too wide to ford&#39;, and suggested that this was a name given to the part of the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Thames" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="River Thames">River Thames</a>&nbsp;which flows through London; from this, the settlement gained the Celtic form of its name,&nbsp;<i>*Lowonidonjon</i>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-coates_31-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-coates-31" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;Until 1889 the name officially only applied to the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_London" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="City of London">City of London</a>&nbsp;but since then it has also referred to the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_of_London" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="County of London">County of London</a>&nbsp;and now&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greater_London" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Greater London">Greater London</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-mills_140_7-1" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-mills_140-7" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p>
<h3 style="color: black; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-color: initial; width: auto; font-size: 17px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">
        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><span class="mw-headline" id="Prehistory_and_antiquity">Prehistory and antiquity</span></span></h3>
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        <div class="thumbinner" style="min-width: 100px; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-top: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); font-size: 12px; text-align: center; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; width: 252px; ">
                <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:London_1300_Historical_Atlas_William_R_Shepherd_(died_1934).PNG" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="191" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/London_1300_Historical_Atlas_William_R_Shepherd_%28died_1934%29.PNG/250px-London_1300_Historical_Atlas_William_R_Shepherd_%28died_1934%29.PNG" style="border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " width="250" /></a></span>
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                                <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:London_1300_Historical_Atlas_William_R_Shepherd_(died_1934).PNG" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; display: block; border-top-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-color: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; " title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="border-top-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; display: block; border-width: initial !important; border-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; " width="15" /></a></span></div>
                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">In 1300 the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_London" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="City of London">City</a>&nbsp;was still confined within the<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London_Wall" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="London Wall">Roman walls</a>.</span></div>
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<p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; ">
        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">Although there is evidence of scattered&nbsp;<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britons_(historic)" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Britons (historic)">Brythonic</a>&nbsp;settlements in the area, the first major settlement was founded by the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Roman Empire">Romans</a>&nbsp;in 43 AD.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-roman_32-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-roman-32" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;This lasted for just seventeen years and around 61, the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iceni" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Iceni">Iceni</a>&nbsp;tribe led by&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boudica" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Boudica">Queen Boudica</a>&nbsp;stormed it, burning it to the ground.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-london_010_33-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-london_010-33" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;The next, heavily planned incarnation of the city prospered and superseded&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colchester" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Colchester">Colchester</a>&nbsp;as the capital of the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Britain" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Roman Britain">Roman province</a>&nbsp;of&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Britannia" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Britannia">Britannia</a>&nbsp;in 100. At its height during the 2nd century, Roman London had a population of around 60,000. By the 7th century, the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxons</a>&nbsp;had created a new settlement called&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_London" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Anglo-Saxon London">Lundenwic</a>&nbsp;over a mile (2&nbsp;km) upstream from the old Roman city, around what is now&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Opera_House" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Royal Opera House">Covent Garden</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-london_011_34-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-london_011-34" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; ">
        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">It is likely that there was a harbour at the mouth of the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Fleet" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="River Fleet">River Fleet</a>&nbsp;for fishing and trading, and this trading grew, until the city was overcome by the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Viking">Vikings</a>&nbsp;and forced to move east, back to the location of the Roman&nbsp;<i>Londinium</i>, in order to use its walls for protection.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-london_012_35-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-london_012-35" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;Viking attacks continued to increase, until 886 when&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred_the_Great" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Alfred the Great">Alfred the Great</a>&nbsp;recaptured London and made peace with the Danish leader,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guthrum" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Guthrum">Guthrum</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-london_013_36-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-london_013-36" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;The original Saxon city of Lundenwic became&nbsp;<i>Ealdwic</i>&nbsp;(&quot;old city&quot;), a name surviving to the present day as<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldwych" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Aldwych">Aldwych</a>, which is in the modern&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Westminster" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-George_Hamilton_Cunningham_1927_xiii_37-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-George_Hamilton_Cunningham_1927_xiii-37" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p>
<h3 style="color: black; background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; font-weight: bold; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.3em; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0.17em; border-bottom-width: initial; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-color: initial; width: auto; font-size: 17px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; ">
        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><span class="mw-headline" id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</span></span></h3>
<p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; ">
        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">With the collapse of Roman rule in the early 5th century, London was effectively abandoned. However, from the 6th century an&nbsp;<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxon" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Anglo-Saxon">Anglo-Saxon</a>&nbsp;settlement known as&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_London" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Anglo-Saxon London">Lundenwic</a>developed slightly to the west of the old Roman city, around what is now&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covent_Garden" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Covent Garden">Covent Garden</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strand,_London" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Strand, London">the Strand</a>, rising to a likely population of 10-12,000.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-london_011_34-1" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-london_011-34" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;In the 9th century London was repeatedly attacked by&nbsp;<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikings" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Vikings">Vikings</a>, leading to a relocation of the city back to the location of Roman&nbsp;<i>Londinium</i>, in order to use its walls for protection.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-london_012_35-1" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-london_012-35" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;The old site of Lundenwic became known as&nbsp;<i>Ealdwic</i>&nbsp;(&quot;old city&quot;), a name surviving to the present day as&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldwych" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Aldwych">Aldwych</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-George_Hamilton_Cunningham_1927_xiii_37-1" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-George_Hamilton_Cunningham_1927_xiii-37" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;Following the unification of&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Kingdom of England">England</a>&nbsp;in the 10th century London, already the country&#39;s largest city and most important trading centre, became increasingly important as a political centre, although it still faced competition from&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winchester" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Winchester">Winchester</a>, the traditional centre of the kingdom of&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wessex" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Wessex">Wessex</a>.</span></p>
<div class="thumb tright" style="margin-bottom: 0.8em; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; width: auto; background-color: transparent; clear: right; float: right; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; margin-top: 0.5em; margin-right: 0px; margin-left: 1.4em; ">
        <div class="thumbinner" style="min-width: 100px; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); padding-top: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; background-color: rgb(249, 249, 249); font-size: 12px; text-align: center; overflow-x: hidden; overflow-y: hidden; width: 222px; ">
                <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a class="image" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Westminster_Abbey_by_Canaletto,_1749.jpg" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><img alt="" class="thumbimage" height="215" src="http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Westminster_Abbey_by_Canaletto%2C_1749.jpg/220px-Westminster_Abbey_by_Canaletto%2C_1749.jpg" style="border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); " width="220" /></a></span>
                <div class="thumbcaption" style="border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; text-align: left; line-height: 1.4em; padding-top: 3px !important; padding-right: 3px !important; padding-bottom: 3px !important; padding-left: 3px !important; font-size: 11px; ">
                        <div class="magnify" style="float: right; border-top-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; ">
                                <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a class="internal" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Westminster_Abbey_by_Canaletto,_1749.jpg" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; display: block; border-top-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-width: initial !important; border-color: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; " title="Enlarge"><img alt="" height="11" src="http://bits.wikimedia.org/skins-1.5/common/images/magnify-clip.png" style="border-top-style: none !important; border-right-style: none !important; border-bottom-style: none !important; border-left-style: none !important; border-width: initial; border-color: initial; vertical-align: middle; display: block; border-width: initial !important; border-color: initial !important; background-image: none !important; background-attachment: initial !important; background-origin: initial !important; background-clip: initial !important; background-color: initial !important; background-position: initial initial !important; background-repeat: initial initial !important; " width="15" /></a></span></div>
                        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>&nbsp;is a&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>&nbsp;and one of London&#39;s oldest and most important buildings as seen in this painting (Canaletto, 1749 A.D.)</span></div>
        </div>
</div>
<p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; ">
        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">In the 11th century King&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a>&nbsp;re-founded and rebuilt&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Abbey" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Westminster Abbey">Westminster Abbey</a>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Westminster">Westminster</a>, a short distance upstream from London became a favoured royal residence. From this point onward Westminster steadily supplanted the City of London itself as a venue for the business of national government.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-london_014_38-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-london_014-38" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; ">
        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">Following his victory in the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Hastings" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Battle of Hastings">Battle of Hastings</a>,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_the_Conqueror" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="William the Conqueror">William the Bastard, Duke of Normandy</a>, was crowned&nbsp;<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King_of_England" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="King of England">King of England</a>&nbsp;in the newly finished Westminster Abbey on&nbsp;<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_Day" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Christmas Day">Christmas Day</a>&nbsp;1066.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-london_015_39-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-london_015-39" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;William constructed the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tower_of_London" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Tower of London">Tower of London</a>, the first of the many Norman castles in England to be rebuilt in stone, in the southeastern corner of the city to intimidate the native inhabitants.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-london_016_40-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-london_016-40" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;In 1097,&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_II_of_England" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="William II of England">William II</a>&nbsp;began the building of<a class="mw-redirect" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westminster_Hall" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Westminster Hall">Westminster Hall</a>, close by the abbey of the same name. The hall became the basis of a new&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palace_of_Westminster" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Palace of Westminster">Palace of Westminster</a>.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-london_017_41-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-london_017-41" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-london_018_42-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-london_018-42" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>41<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; ">
        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">During the 12th century the institutions of central government, which had hitherto accompanied the royal court as it moved around the country, grew in size and sophistication and became increasingly fixed in one place. In most cases this was Westminster, although the royal treasury, having been moved from Winchester, came to rest in the Tower. While the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_Westminster" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="City of Westminster">City of Westminster</a>&nbsp;developed into a true capital in governmental terms, its distinct neighbour, the City of London, remained England&#39;s largest city and principal commercial centre and flourished under its own unique administration, the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City_of_London_Corporation" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="City of London Corporation">Corporation of London</a>. In 1100 its population was around 18,000; by 1300 it had grown to nearly 100,000.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-london_019_43-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-london_019-43" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></a></sup></span></p>
<p style="margin-top: 0.4em; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-left: 0px; line-height: 1.5em; ">
        <span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19px; ">Disaster struck during the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Death" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Black Death">Black Death</a>&nbsp;in the mid-14th century, when London lost nearly a third of its population.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-44" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-44" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>43<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;Apart from the invasion during the&nbsp;<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peasants%27_Revolt" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Peasants' Revolt">Peasants&#39; Revolt</a>&nbsp;in 1381,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-london_020_45-0" style="line-height: 1em; font-weight: normal; font-style: normal; "><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London#cite_note-london_020-45" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; white-space: nowrap; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; "><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup>&nbsp;London remained relatively untouched by the various civil wars during the Middle Ages.<sup class="Template-Fact" style="line-height: 1em; white-space: nowrap; " title="This claim needs references to reliable sources from August 2010">[<i><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(6, 69, 173); background-image: none; background-attachment: initial; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial; " title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a></i>]</sup></span></p>
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